Attoenets



(No'Mod eL) ,6 SheetsSheet 1.

' D. LYLE.

A COMBINED $TEAM AND HOT AIR ENGINE. No. 317,814. Patented May 12, 1885.

, fiINYENTOR:

ATTORNEYS.

6 SheetsSheet 2.

(No Model.)

D. LYLE. COMBINED STEAM" AND HOT AIR ENGINE. 110.317.5514.

llvvu Patented May 12, 1885.

INVENTOR:

ATTORNEYS.

WITNESSES N. PETERS. vhoueuemm hllr, Wnhngion, n. c.

(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 3.

D. LYLE.

COMBINED STEAM AEND HOT AIR ENGINE. No. 317,814. Patented May 12, 1885.

' INVENTDR ATTORNEYS.

N4 PETERS. Photo-Lithograph, Washinglun, D. C.

(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 4.

D. LYLE.

COMBINED STEAM AND HOT AIR ENGINE.

Patented May 12, 1885.

INVENTOR WITNESSES ATTORNEYS.

N, PETERS PhnloLiihographer, Washington, D. C.

(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sl1eet 5.

D. LYLE.

COMBINED STEAM AND HOT AIE ENGINE.

No. 317,814. Patented May 12, 1885.

WITNESSE ATTORNEYS.

N. PETERS. Phulolilhogriphun wnhin nm, v.0.

(No Model.) 6 SheetsSheet 6.

1). LYLE. COMBINED STEAM AND HOT AIR ENGINE. No. 317,814.

Patented May 12, 1885.

INVENTOR ATTORNEYS.

N4 PETERS. Phule-Liibographor. Wuhingmn. D. C.

UNrTnn STATirs PATENT FFlQfit DAVID LYLE, OF MANCHESTER, JAMAICA, \VEST INDIES.

COMBINED STEAM AND HOT-AIR ENGENE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 317,814, dated May 12, 1885.

Application tiled June 14, 1884.

To 6125 whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, DAVID LYLE, of Manchester, Jamaica, WVest Indies, have invented a new and Improved Combined Steam and Hot-Air Engine, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The object of my invention is to provide a new and improved combined steam and hotair engine, which is so constructed that the steam and hot air are produced by one fireplace, and the exhaust-steam and hot air serve to heat the feed-water and the air to be used in the engine.

The invention consists in the peculiar construction and arrangement of parts, as hereinafter fully described, and pointed out in the claim. r

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification,

in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figurelis a plan view of myimproved combined steam and hot-air engine and boiler. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the same, parts being broken out. Fig.3 is a crosssectional elevation of the same through the cylinders. Fig. L is a detail perspective view of the slide-valve cylinder and the partition formed on the same. Fig. 5 is a sectional plan view of the engine through the cylinders. Fig. 6 is a detail longitudinal sectional elevation of the air and water pumps. Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional elevation of the same. Fig. 8 is a sectional plan view of the boiler. Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional elevation of the boiler. Fig. 10 is a side view of the valve-regulating mechanism, and Fig. 11 is a plan view of the same.

With my improved combined steam and hotair engine I use an improved boiler that produces the steam and hot air which must be used with my engine; but to simplify the description of the parts I will first describe the engine and then the boiler. The main shaft A revolves in suitable journals held in the ends 13 of a box, B, resting on a hollow base, 13. On each end of the shaft A are mounted a belt-pulley, A, and a fly-wheel, A", outside of the casing, and on one end is mounted in addition abelt-pulley, A for the cord or belt (N0 model.)

U, for operating the governor. The crankshaft is provided with two cranks, a and a, which are arranged below the cylinders O and C, respectively. The diameter of the cylinder 0, which is the steam-cylinder, is consid erably less than that of the cylinder O,which is the hot-air cylinder. The cylinders are ar' ranged vertically, and are closed at their upper ends and open at their lower ends. Each cylinder contains a plunger or piston, D or D, provided with suitable packing,which pistons or plungers are connected with the cranks a and a by means of the connecting rods b and b, respectively. Between the two cylinders O and G a third vertical cylinder, G is an ranged, which is closed at its upper end and open at its lower end, and contains a slidevalve, D, mounted on a rod, b provided at its end with a ring surrounding an eccentric disk or wheel, a on the shaft A. The rod b passes through asuitable stuffing-box in the top of the box .13.

The valve D preferably consists of a hollow cylinder of less diameter than the cylinder 0, and is provided at its top and bottom with flanges, the edges of which fit closely in the cylinder 0*. The cylinders G G C are surrounded by a metal casing, E, having a suitable top, and forming a jacket entirely around the cylinders, as shown in the sectional plan View, Fig. 5. The central cylinder, (T, is provided on opposite sides with outwardly-projecting wings c and 0 which extend to the sides of the casing E, and thus divide the casing E into two compartments, 0 and c, of which the former contains the steam-cylinder O, and the latter the hot-air cylinder 0'. Channels cl lead from the lower part of the cylinder 0 containing the slide-valve, to the upper part of the steam-cylinder O, and other channels, d, lead from the upper part of the cylinder C to the upper part of the hot-air cylinder O. The cylinders O and O are provided at about the middle of their height with exhaust-ports d through which the exhauststeam and hot air, respectively, can pass off into suitable pipes. The plungers or pistons of the cylinders O and O are so arranged that when one is raised the other is lowered, and the sliding valve D is so arranged that when its upper end closes the ports throughwhich the hot air passes to the upper end of the cylinder C the lower end will be clear of the ports that conduct the steam into the upper end of the cylinder 0, and vice versa. \Vhen the lower end of the valve closes the ports for conducting steam into the upper end of the cylinder 0, the upper end of the piston is clear of the ports through which the hot air passes into the cylinder The hot air is conducted into the upper part of the casing B through the pipe E, enters the compartment 0 and then passes through suitable apertures from the said compartment into the upper part of the cylinder 0 and then into the upper part of the cylinder 0. The steam passes into the casing E through a pipe, F, and circulates in the chamber 0, surrounding the cylinder O, and then passes through suitable apertures into the lower part of the cylinder 0 and then into the upper part of the cylinder C. The connecting-rods b and I) must be pivoted in the plungers or pistons D and D. The box 13 is filled up to the shaft A with oil.

In the hollow base 13*, below the casing 13, two sets, 6 c, of coiled pipes are arranged, the former having less diameters than the latter, and the pipe 6 being connected with a pump for pumping the feed-water into the boiler, and the free end of the said pipe 6 extends into the boiler, so that the feed-water that is pumped into the boiler must first circulate through the said pipes e, and thereby pass through the said hollow base B The pipe 0' has one end connected with a pump for forcing hot air into the boiler, and the other end extended into the open air, so that the air pumped by the pump referred to above must pass within the pipes 0 through the hollow base 13*. An exhaust-pipe, F, leads from the middle ofthe hot-air cylinder 0 down into the hollow base 13*, and the exhaust-pipe 6 connected with the middle of the steamcylinder 0, extends into the exhaust-pipe F, so that the exhaust-air and exhaust-steam from the cylinders O and 0 pass through the pipe F into the base B, thereby heating the air and feed-water circulating in the pipes e and e. The hot air and exhaust-steam then pass through a pipe, F into the outer air.

On the shaft A an eccentric disk, a is formed adjoining the eccentric disk a and surrounded by a ringconnected with the piston-rod G of the feed-water pump G. Another eccentric disk or wheel, a, formed on the shaft A, is surrounded by a ring connected with the piston-rod H of the hot-air pump-cylinder H. On the end of the piston-rod G the piston G is formed, which works in the cylinder G. The cylinder H is provided at the closed end with a series of apertures, h, which connect the cylinder with an annular chamber, h, surrounding it, with which annular chamber a pipe, I, is connected, through which air is conducted from the pump-cylinder H to a stand-pipe, 1 In the middle of the closed end of the pump-cylinder H an inwardlyswinging valve, 9, is hinged, to close the end of a short pipe, J, provided at its open end with a stop-cock, J. YVith the pipe J the pipe 6 is coupled, which, as previously stated, is arranged in the hollow base B of the casing 13, and has its opposite free end in the open air. When the piston H moves in the direction of the arrow t", the valve 9 is closed and the airin the pumpcylinder H is compressed and forced through the pipe I into the upright pipe 1 and then into the boiler, in a manner that will be described hereinafter. \Vhen the piston H moves in the reverse direction of the arrow 2', the valve 9 is opened and air is drawn into the cylinder. The pipe I must be provided with a suitable checkvalve. If the valve J is opened and a valve, 1, of the pipe 0 closed, the air drawn into the pump-cylinder H will not circulate in the pipe 6, but will be drawn directly into the pump. If the cock I is opened and the cock J closed, the air drawn into the cylinder will circulate through the pipe 6. Into the closed end of the pump-cylinder G the pipes e and f lead, of which the former, 0, contains a halt valve, 0*, which opensthat is, is removed from its seat-when the piston G2 moves in the direction of the arrow t. The pipef contains a ball-valve which opensthat is, is removed from its'seatwhen the piston Gr moves in the reverse direction of the arrow 45. The pi'pcf draws the feed-water from a suitable tank, and when the piston G moves in the direction of the arrow t" the piston forces the waterthrough the pipe 0, whereby the water is heated in the hollow base B and then passed through the pipe Z into the boiler. The pipe E, which conducts the hot air into the top of the casing E, passes into the boiler K, and forms a spiral, K, of one or more turns above the dome L, which is above the fire-place L in the said boiler, and the end of the pipe leads into the topof the dome, so that the products of combustion, &c., are conducted from the dome through the pipe E into the casing E. A transverse waterpipe, M, is formed in the dome, whereby the water will be heated very rapidly. The wateris also heated by the hot air and products of combustion passing through the spiral pipe K. The firedoor M and the ash-pit door M of the boiler must be arranged to close absolutely tight, so that no air can enter. The boiler is provided with a dome, 0, having numerous apertures, O, in the sides, and on the top of said dome the safety-valve P is arranged. A pipe, P, leads from the upper partofthedomeintoacasing,Q, arranged above the uprightpipe 1 Through the casing Q a vertical rod, R, extends, on which are mounted valves R R within the casing Q, which valves fit on suitable seats in the said casing. lVhen the valves R are raised from their seats, the steam can pass through the pipe P, the casing Q, and the pipe F into the chamber 0 around the cylinder 0. From the pipe 1 two pipes, S S, lead into the fire-place of the boiler above and below the grate m. On the vertically-movable rod R in the pipe l 'two slidingpistons or valves, TT, are arranged, which are adapted to close the ends of the said pipes S. A ball-governor, U, is driven by the belt or cord U from the pulley A on the main shaft A, and the said ballgovernor is connected by a rod,\V,with the rod R in the casing Q, and by another rod, W,

with the rod R in the tube or pipe 1'.

The operation is as follows: As stated, the crank-shaft revolves in oil, and is thus thoroughly lubricated at all times. When one piston moves down, the other moves up, and so on alternately, the pistons always moving in opposite directions. Each piston is singleacting-that is, it is forced downward by the steam or hot air, and is carried upward by the impetus of the driving-shaft. I will first describe the operation in the steam'cylinder. The steam is drawn from the top of the dome O of the boiler K, and passes through the pipe I and the pipe E into the chamber 0 in which the cylinder 0 is located. The steam surrounding the said cylinder prevents the hot air in the cylinder from being cooled, as the steam forms a jacket. When the valve D is raise d,the steam passes through the channels or openings d into the top of the cylinder 0, forces the piston D down, and thus revolves the crank-shaft A. The exhaust-steam passes into the pipe F, and through the same into the hollow base 13*, and then passes through the pipe E into the outer air. The smoke and like products of combustion are fully consumed in the fire-place, and the hot gases pass through the spiral pipe K, and through the pipe-E into the chamber 0 and from the same into the cylinder 0 and then into the cylinder 0 through the ports in the top of the same. It then forces down the piston D, thereby revolving the crank-shaft. The hot air then passes through the pipe F into the hollow base B and from the same through the pipe E into the smoke-stack.

The operation of the compound governor is as follows: If the shaft A revolves too rapidly, the shaft of the governor will be revolved with great speed, and thereby the rod R will be moved downward and the rod It upward. If

the rod R is moved downward, the valves R" close the openings in the casing Q, and thus prevent part of the steam from passing into the steam-cylinder, and as the rod R is raised the valves T cover more or less of the inner ends of the pipes S, thus diminishing the quantity of air that is forced into the fire-place by the pump II. If the crank-shaft A revolves too slowly, the balls drop, the rod Bis raised, the valves R are raised with it, and the rod R descends, the valves T descending with it, and thus opening the inner ends of the pipes S, and permitting the pump H to force a greater quantity of air through the pipes S into the fire-place, whereby the quantity of heated air produced will be increased. The quantity of steam admitted into the steam-cylinder and the quantity of air forced into the fire-place are always increased and decreased simultaneously, so that the governor can regulate the hot-air supply and the steam-supply.

In place of the cylindrical slide-valves herein shown and described, any other suitable slide-valve may be used.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In an engine, the combination, with a casing divided into two compartments, of a hot-air cylinder in one compartment and a steam-cylinder in the other compartment, and of means for conducting hot air into the compartment in which the steamcylinder is located, and means for conducting steam into the compartment in which the hot-air cylinder is located, substantially as herein shown and described.

2. In an engine, the combination, with a casing divided into two compartments, of a hotair cylinder in one compartment, asteam-cylinder in the other, and a valve-cylinder between the hot-air and steam cylinders, sub stantial] y as herein shown and described.

3. In an engine, the combination, with the casing E, of the cylinder 0 having the opposite partitions 0 c and of the cylinders C and O,arranged at opposite sides of the cylinder 0 substantially as herein shown and described.

4. In an engine, the combination, with a casing, E, divided into the compartments 0 c of the steam-cylinder G in the compartment 0 the hot-air cylinder in the compartment 0, the valve-cylinder 0 between the steam and hot-air cylinders, pistons D D in said steam and hot-air cylinders, a sliding valve in the cylinder 0 and the shaft A, provided with cranks and an eccentric for operating the said pistons and slide-valve, substantially as here in shown and described.

5. In an engine, the combination, with the hot-air and steam cylinders arranged in separate compartments of the casing, of a chamber formed in the hollow base of the machine, pipes for heating the feed-water and hot air arranged in the said hollow base, and pipes for conducting the exhaust-steam and hot air into the pipes of the hollow base, substantially as herein shown and described;

6. In an engine, the combination, with the hot-air and steam cylinders arranged on a 'hollow base, of pipes for conducting the exhaust-steam and hot air from the above-mentioned cylinders into the said hollow base, two sets of coiled pipes arranged in the base, through one set of which pipes the feed-water is conducted, and through the other set of which pipes the air circulates before passing into the air-heating furnace, substantially as herein shown and described.

7 In an engine, the combination, with the crank-shaft A, of the steam'cylinder O and the hot-air cylinder 0, pistons contained in the said cylinders, connecting-rods connecting these pistons with the crank-shaft, the

air-pump H and the water-pump G, operated from the crank-shaft, pipes leading from the Water-tank to the water-pump and'froni the pump to the boiler, and pipes leading from the air-pump to the furnace of the boiler, substantially as herein shown and described.

8. In an engine, the combination, with the hot-air cylinder and the shaft operated from the piston in the said cylinder, of apump-cylinder, H, containing a piston, H operated from the above shaft, the pipe J, provided with the cock J, and the pipe 0, connected with the pipe J, substantially as herein shown and described.

-9. In an engine, the combination, with the hot-air cylinder and the shaft operated from the piston in the said cylinder, of the pumpcylinder H, the piston H in the same, the chamber h, surrounding one end of the pumpcylinder, the pipe I, connected with the said chamber, the pipe J in the closed end of the cylinder, the valve 9, for closing the said pipe, the cock J in the pipe J, and the pipe 6, provided with the cock I, substantially as herein shown and described.

10. In an engine, the combination, with the hot-air cylinder and the steam-cylinder, pistons in the said cylinders, and connecting-rods connecting the said pistons with the crankshaft, of a boiler, pipes connecting the steam cylinder with the boiler, a valve held inthe said pipe and connected with the governor, a

pipe connecting an air-pump with the furnace of the boiler, and valves arranged in the said pipe and connected with the governor, substantially as herein shown and described.

11. In an engine, the combination, with the steamcylinder and the hot-air cylinder, pistons in the said cylinders, and connecting-rods connecting the said pistons with the crankshaft, of the boiler K, the pipe I the casing Q, the valves R in the casing Q, the valves Tin the tube 1 the pipe S, connecting the tube I with the fire-place above and below the grate, and the governor U, connected Withthe rod on which the valves R are mounted, and with the rod on which the valves 'I are mounted, substantially as herein shown and described.

12. In an engine, the combination, with a combined boiler and air heater, of a hot-air cylinder and a steam-cylinder, pistons in the cylinders, crank-shafts connected by connect ing-rodswith the pistons in the cylinders, and a regulating device for regulating the supply of hot air and steam at the same time, substantially as herein shown and described.

DAVID LYLE.

Witnesses:

GEo. E. HOSKINSON, GEo. CORNELIUS. 

